A lack of proper waste management and resource recovery strategy is frequently associated with significant loss of valuable resources and increasing burdens on landfills. To improve resource efficiency and divert more waste from landfills, a sustainable waste management model is urgently needed. This paper proposes a comprehensive system model based on a stock-and-flow diagram to assess current waste management performance and forecast future waste generation, treatment, and disposal scenarios.

Municipal solid waste management requires the design and planning of waste transfer stations, treatment facilities, and landfills. By preventing the generation of mixed waste and assisting the waste recycling process, the source separation process lowers waste separation costs and improves the quality of recycled products. This paper's goal is to present a multi-period. As an alternative to fossil fuels, the world is shifting toward renewable energies. Photovoltaic technologies have had the highest capacity increase rate of any renewable energy system over the last decade. As a result, massive quantities of photovoltaic waste from such massive global installations are unavoidable and must be dealt with as soon as possible to increase the likelihood that PVs will become a viable and cost-effective source of electricity. Two distinct models are used in the two parts of this piece. The first one connects socio-environmental decision-making aspects to power purchase agreements and mathematically predicts the PV waste forecast using the Weibull distribution (PPAs).

An Iranian case study from Kermanshah serves as an illustration for the suggested model. Three scenarios are described and contrasted: the current waste management system, the optimal solution of the proposed model with the current landfill location fixed, and the optimal solution of the proposed model taking the location of the landfill into consideration as a choice variable.