Soil remediation is the process of managing toxins at a place to prevent harm to human health or the environment. It entails identifying soils that require remediation, establishing remedial targets based on future land use, selecting and implementing a remedial approach, and monitoring the outcome. Because of its excellent adsorption capabilities, biochar, a new carbonaceous substance, has shown considerable promise in environmental applications. However, biochar contains a high concentration of persistent free radicals (PFRs).

Soil pollution is caused by several types of pollutants and toxins as a result of natural and human activity. Toxic chemical pollutants such as heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, organic and inorganic compounds, dyes, and many more compounds have a negative impact on human health and the soil ecology as a result of fast industrialization and urbanization. One of the world's most pressing environmental issues is the provision of affordable drinking and sufficiently clean water for human use, and a huge number of scientific research projects are tackling this issue. Various hazardous/toxic environmental contaminants in water bodies, both inorganic and organic (particularly heavy metals and dyes), have become a major global issue.