At appropriate concentrations, engineered nanomaterials (NMs) have showed beneficial roles in defending against and alleviating biotic and abiotic stressors in agricultural environments. NMs' unique physicochemical features activate defence systems in stressed crops more efficiently than conventional forms, strengthening plant immunity and growth. Importantly, the use of nanoscale agrichemicals has the potential to considerably lower overall field application rates while also minimising secondary contamination caused by standard agrichemicals.

Global hunger and nutritional deficiencies necessitate the development of existing and conventional food production methods. The use of nanoenabled methods in agriculture has created new opportunities for increasing agricultural output and productivity. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) have recently revealed new opportunities for increasing food output and nutrition. Researchers and scientists have paid close attention to the development of nanomaterials and their vast variety of applications in recent years. A new generation of nanoparticles has been developed to improve food quality and safety, crop development, and environmental monitoring.