The contingent value method (CVM), a typical declarative preference assessment technique, has been extensively applied to enhance solid waste management and disposal. It's critical to measure someone's willingness to pay (WTP) in order to support solid waste management and disposal. A review of the use of CVM in the field of environmental science is still lacking, nevertheless. In order to comprehend the current state of the research and its potential directions, as well as to pinpoint the major determinants of an individual's WTP values, this study offers a thorough overview of the application of CVM in solid waste management and disposal.

The ecosystem of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 is constantly expanding, and the rising integration of new data and information sources has had a significant impact on waste management transitions despite a number of remaining technological obstacles. Qualitative data serves as an illustration of the technological aspects of municipal solid waste management, and it is challenging to create a consistent hierarchical structure of dependency under relationships.

In a nation with a high population density like India, the informal sector serves as the foundation for sustainable waste management. Additionally, the operations of the informal waste management value chain contribute directly or indirectly to the advancement of human resources and the environment. Unfortunately, this industry has long been viewed as one that engages in fraud and avoids paying taxes.